I.Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:(20%)

1.严复在《天演论·译例言》(1895)中提出：译事三难_____________。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。(1%)

2.Five guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:(6%)

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

f.

3.(3%)英语重________ ，汉语轻____________。

英语多_________，汉语少____________。

英语重_________，汉语轻____________。

4.用英语解释(4%)：

Hypotaxis：__________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

Parataxis:_____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

5.用汉语解释(6%)：

Theme：________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

Rheme：________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

II.Sentence Translation(翻译时第1和第2句时，请注意形合和意合的处理)：(30%)

1. 黎明即起，洒扫庭除：

2. 天要下雨，娘要嫁人：

3.There are books and books.

4.It has often noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow

5.But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too.

6.The broadcaster, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, is home to "Melrose Place'' where stars like Heather Locklear sport thigh grazing skirts and plunging necklines.

7.You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom.

8.Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.

9/ Forms leaned together in the taxi as they waited, and voices sang, and there was laughter from unheard jokes, and lighted cigarettes outlined unintelligible gesture inside.

10/ If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.

III.Passage translation(50%)：(译文也请写上编号)

1/ Two-Parent Families Growing Scarcer /(From Reuters)

2/ The traditional U.S. household comprised of a married couple with children has become scarcer, a reflection of more women working and a view that marriage is not always desirable, researchers said on Wednesday.

3/ The most common living arrangement in the United States consists of unmarried people and no children, which made up one-third of all households in 1998, double the percentage in 1972.

4/ Meanwhile, the traditional nuclear family -- a married couple with children -- made up 26 percent of households in 1998, down from 45 percent in 1972, according to a survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.

5/ Timothy Smith, director of the survey, attributed the trend to more women in the work force, driven there by economic necessity and a desire for a career, and a relaxation of social mores that frowned on cohabitation and on having children outside marriage.

6/ ``Marriage has declined as the central institution under which households are organized and children are raised,'' Smith said, noting the survey found that 62 percent of working-class adults reported being married in the 1994-98 period, down from 80 percent in the 1972-77 period.

7/ ``People marry later and divorce and cohabitate more. A growing proportion of children has been born outside of marriage. Even within marriage the changes have been profound as more and more women have entered the labor force and gender roles have become more homogenous between husbands and wives,'' Smith said.

8/ Both parents have jobs in two-thirds of families, compared to just one-third in 1972, the survey found. The percentage of households in which women worked while their husbands stayed at home rose to 4 percent in the 1990s from 2 percent in the 1970s.

9/ About half of children now live in a household with their original parents, down from nearly three-quarters of children living in such households in 1972.

10/ Parents' attitudes toward their children have changed as well, with more looking for them to take responsibility for themselves. For example, more parents listed hard work as a desirable trait in their children above obedience.

11/ The survey comprised interviews with 2,832 randomly selected adults.

Key for EC Translation Examination Paper（参考答案）

1.信达雅

2.Five guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:(6%)

1/Glaring errors in ECT derived from the take-it-for-granted attitude – Dictionary is indispensable.

2/ Mechanical reference fails the translators – Dictionary is not always so reliable.

3/ English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper.

4/ Never confine your reference to one dictionary.

5/ Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to work.

3.(3%)英语重形合，汉语重意合。

英语多省略，汉语少省略

英语重时体，汉语轻时体

1. reflect (ponder) sufferings and pains after they are gone.

2. Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.

3.If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.

4.用英语解释

Hypotaxis：The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.

Parataxis：The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away.

5.Theme：句子陈述的对象(即话题)，谈话的出发点，它是读者从上下文或由语言外的知识得知的内容。因此，它表达的是已知信息(given information);

Rheme：指为主体提供新信息的句子成分，是句子对陈述对象所作的陈述，即对已知事物说了些什么，它是交际的中心，叙述的目的，是读者所未知或假定读者未知的内容，因此，它表达的是未知信息(new information)。一般来说，未知信息是句子内容的重点或句子的强调点。

II.Sentence Translation

1/ Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.

2/ If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.

3/世上有好书也有坏书。

4/ 人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。

5/ 但是母亲已经很多年没有走这条路了。苗条的倩影和矫健的步伐已不可复睹。

6/ 这家广播公司，属于一家媒体巨头Rupert Murdoch，是Melrose Place节目的发源地，在此节目中，像Heather Locklear这样的明星惹人注目地穿着裸露大腿的裙子和低领口的衣服。

7/ 在日常生活中你也许你曾经注意到，那些专爱打听别人闲事的人，往往记忆力很差，而且通常他们实际上都是写蠢家伙。

8/ 每周做爱一到两次能够强化人体的免疫系统，能够避免感冒或流感的侵袭，新科学家杂志周三说。

9/ 那些坐在出租车里等候开车的人，影影绰绰地依偎在一起。他们情话绵绵，虽不知在低声私语什么，却可闻他们的嬉笑声，点燃着的香烟随着他们的手势一闪一闪地在跳动。至于其中奥妙，自不得而知了。

10/ 26年前，她那蓝眼睛、花儿般的魅力，脸儿和身段的那种玉洁冰清的秀气，还有那苹果花似的脸色，曾经让Ashurst一见钟情。这都已成了往事。如今，43岁的她，依然是一个眉清目秀的忠实的伴侣，尽管她的双颊隐约露出了些斑点，尽管她的灰蓝色的眼睛已经有些浮肿。

III.Passage translation(50%)：

双亲家庭日趋减少/路透社消息

在美国，传统的由夫妇俩和孩子组成的家庭数量已经减少，这反映了有更多的妇女就业，同时反映了一个观点，即婚姻并非总是悦人心意。研究人员周三如是说。

在美国最常见的家庭(生活)模式包括同居夫妇和没有子女。在1998年，这种模式占家庭的三分之一。这比1972年翻了一番。

与此同时，传统的核心家庭，即一对夫妇和孩子组成的家庭，在1998年占家庭总数的26%，与1972年相比，下降了45%。设在芝加哥大学的全国民意调查中心所作的调查认为。

本次调查的负责人Timothy Smith把更多的妇女走上工作岗位的这种趋势归结到经济需求、追求成为职业女性的愿望以及对鄙视同居和有婚外子女的社会道德观念的宽松和改变。

“以组织家庭，生儿育女未主要社会习俗的婚姻走了下坡路。”Smith说，他还指出调查发现从1994年到1998年在劳动阶层的成年人结婚的占62%，而从1972年到1977年，其百分比是80%。

“人们结婚迟，离婚多，同居多。婚外所生的子女的的人口正在增加。即使在婚姻圈内，随着越来越多的女性走上工作，其变化也是深刻的。夫妇之间性别所其的作用也趋同了。”Smith说。

调查发现：在三分之二的家庭重，夫妇双方都有工作，而1972年时，这样的家庭仅占三分之一。妻子上班而丈夫闲居在家的家庭已经从70年代的2%上升到了4%。

大约有一半的孩子现在和自己的生父生母住在一起，而在1972年，这样的家庭大约有三分之二。

由于更多地希望子女能够自己对自己负责，父母对子女的态度也发生了变化。比如，更多的父母把努力工作列为他们所期望的品质特征，而非言听计从。

调查所作的对象是2,832个随机选择的成年人。